Triola: Elementary Statistics Using Excel Chapter 1 -- About the Book

About the Book

About the Book:

WHY EXCEL?

USING EXCEL

AUDIENCE/PREREQUISITES

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

FLEXIBLE SYLLABUS

EXERCISES

FEATURES

SUPPLEMENTS

For the Student

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WHY EXCEL?

Statistics professors are now changing to Microsoft Excel® at a rate that exceeds the change to any other technology. A key factor fostering that trend is the recognition that corporate America has embraced the spreadsheet as an efficient and effective tool for the analysis of data. Excel has become the premier program for working with those spreadsheets. Motivated by a desire to better serve their students by better preparing them for their professional careers, many professors now include Excel as the medium of technology that is used throughout the statistics course. Students can now learn important professional skills along with concepts of statistics. This marriage of statistics concepts and spreadsheet applications is giving birth to a generation of students who can enter professional careers armed with knowledge and skills that were once desired, but are now demanded.

USING EXCEL

Elementary Statistics Using Excel® is designed to be a complete introduction to basic statistics. Instead of being a manual of computer instructions, this book places strong emphasis on understanding concepts of statistics, with Excel included throughout as the key supplement. Topics are presented with illustrative examples, identification of required assumptions, and underlying theory. Excel instructions are provided along with typical displays of results. Those instructions and displays are based on Excel 97 and Excel 2000. Because Excel was not designed to be a complete tool for statistical analysis, it is important to know its limitations as well as alternative approaches. For example, it is important to know how Excel's graphs of histograms are misleading, and it is important to know how to correct those graphs. Excel's ZTEST command for hypothesis testing provides results that are inconsistent, so it is important to know how to avoid the pitfalls of that command. Elementary Statistics Using Excel® guides the reader through procedures that result in correct and consistent results.

Excel lacks some important features, such as the ability to generate confidence intervals or to conduct hypothesis tests involving proportions. Elementary Statistics Using Excel® includes tools that enable these important features. This book has key features that are so critical to an effective use of Excel as a statistical tool:

Detailed Excel instructions are included throughout the book.
Approximately 125 samples of Excel displays are included throughout the book.
All data sets in Appendix B (except for Data Set 6) are available as Excel workbooks on the CD-ROM packaged with this book. Many exercises use those data sets, so students can open Excel files instead of manually entering long lists of data.
Exercises that use Excel are identified with a special icon.
Appendix F answers with different values (from Excel and tables) include both values.
Excel workbook names are identified for those exercises that refer to data sets in Appendix B, so that students can easily access and open the relevant Excel file.
The CD-ROM packaged with this book includes Data Desk/XL®, a software add-in that enhances and expands the capability of Excel. Data Desk/XL can be installed to become part of the Excel program, and is easily accessed by clicking on DDXL, which appears on the main menu bar. Data Desk/XL includes many important procedures that are not already part of Excel.
To make full use of Excel's statistical features, instructions are provided for installing the Data Analysis add-in, and instructions are provided for using important features of that Excel supplement.
Appendix C lists basic functions along with references of key Excel commands.
Excel Projects are included among the variety of the end-of-chapter features.
For those who choose to further supplement Excel, the CD-ROM includes additional software that some students may find helpful. STATDISK is a separate program designed specifically for the content of this book. There are separate programs for the TI-83 Plus calculator.
For those who choose to supplement Excel with other software, this book's CD-ROM includes the Appendix B data sets in a variety of formats. In addition to Excel, the data sets are available in formats for Minitab, SPSS, and the TI-83 Plus calculator, and they are also available as text files.

AUDIENCE/PREREQUISITES

Elementary Statistics Using Excel® is written for students majoring in any field. Although the use of algebra is minimal, students should have completed at least an elementary algebra course. In many cases, underlying theory is included, but this book does not stress the mathematical rigor more suitable for mathematics majors. Because the many examples and exercises cover a wide variety of different and interesting statistical applications, Elementary Statistics Using Excel® is appropriate for students pursuing careers in disciplines ranging from the social sciences of psychology and sociology to areas such as education, the allied health fields, business, economics, engineering, the humanities, the physical sciences, journalism, communications, and liberal arts.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Mario F. Triola is a Professor of Mathematics at Dutchess Community College, where he has taught statistics for over 30 years. Marty is the author of Mathematics and the Modern World and A Survey of Mathematics, and is the coauthor of Introduction to Technical Mathematics and Business Statistics. Outside of the classroom, Marty's consulting work includes the mathematical design of casino slot machines and fishing rods, and he has worked with attorneys in determining probabilities in paternity lawsuits and identifying salary inequities based on gender. Marty was recently a writing team member of the Project Coalition writing team with NASA and the American Mathematics Association of Two-Year Colleges.

When he's not working, Marty enjoys playing golf and tennis, running, hiking, and anything that flies. He has a commercial pilot's license with an instrument rating, and has flown airplanes, helicopters, sail planes, hang gliders, and hot air balloons. His passion for flying has included parachute jumps, flying in a Goodyear blimp, and parasailing. With his family, Marty had the pleasure of visiting 49 of the United States. He hopes to visit Kentucky very soon. Other favorite trips include a Kenyan photo safari, a rafting trip down the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon, and hiking in Yellowstone National Park where he collected data for the Old Faithful geyser.

The Text and Academic Authors Association has awarded Mario F. Triola a "Texty" for Excellence for his work on Elementary Statistics.

FLEXIBLE SYLLABUS

The organization of this book reflects the preferences of most statistics instructors, but there are two common variations that can be used easily:

Early coverage of correlation/regression: Some instructors prefer to cover the basics of correlation and regression early in the course, such as immediately following the topics of Chapter 2. Sections 9-2 (Correlation) and 9-3 (Regression) can be covered early in the course. Simply omit the subsection in Section 9-2 clearly identified as "Formal Hypothesis Test (Requires Coverage of Chapter 7)."
Minimum probability: Some instructors feel strongly that coverage of probability should be extensive, while others feel just as strongly that coverage should be kept to a bare minimum. Instructors preferring minimum coverage can include Section 3-2 while skipping the remaining sections of Chapter 3. Sections 3-3 through 3-7 are not essential for the chapters that follow.

EXERCISES

There are 1500 exercises. Many of the exercises require interpretation of results. Because exercises are of such critical importance to any statistics book, great care has been taken to ensure their usefulness, relevance, and accuracy. Three statisticians have read carefully through the final stages of the book to verify accuracy of the text material and exercise answers. Exercises are arranged in order of increasing difficulty by dividing them into two groups: (1) Basic Skills and Concepts and (2) Beyond the Basics. The Beyond the Basics exercises address more difficult concepts or require a somewhat stronger mathematical background. In some cases, these exercises also introduce a new concept.

Real data: More than half of the exercises use real data. Because the use of real data is such an important consideration for students, hundreds of hours have been devoted to finding real, meaningful, and interesting data. In addition to the real data included throughout the book, many exercises refer to the 20 data sets listed in Appendix B. Except for Data Set 6, those Appendix B data sets are available as Excel workbooks on the CD-ROM packaged with this book.

FEATURES

Beyond an interesting and accessible (and sometimes humorous) writing style, great care has been taken to ensure that each chapter of Elementary Statistics Using Excel® will help students understand the concepts presented. The following features are designed to help meet that objective:

Excel instructions and examples of Excel displays are included throughout the book.
Chapter-opening features: A list of chapter sections previews the chapter for the student; a chapter-opening problem, using real data, then motivates the chapter material; and the first section is a chapter overview that provides a statement of the chapter's objectives.
End-of-chapter features:
Statistics in the News encourages analysis of timely applications of statistics.
A Vocabulary List of important terms (a full glossary is found in Appendix D);
A Chapter Review summarizes the key concepts and topics of the chapter;
Review Exercises provide practice on chapter concepts and procedures;
Cumulative Review Exercises reinforce earlier material;
From Data to Decision: Critical Thinking, a capstone problem, requires critical thinking and a writing component;
Cooperative Group Activities encourage active learning in groups;
Excel Projects are specifically designed to incorporate an application using technology;
Internet Projects apply important chapter concepts.
Margin Essays: The text includes 106 margin essays, which illustrate uses and abuses of statistics in real, practical, and interesting applications. Topics include "Six Degrees of Separation," "Statistics and Land Mines," "Using Statistics to Identify Thieves," and "Choosing Personal Security Codes."
Flowcharts: These appear throughout the text to simplify and clarify more complex concepts and procedures.
Real Data Sets: Real data are used extensively throughout the entire book. Appendix B lists 20 data sets. These data sets are provided in printed form in Appendix B at the back of the book, and in electronic form on the CD packaged with the book. The data sets include such varied topics as eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser, nicotine contents of cigarettes, diamond prices and characteristics, weights of diet and regular Coke and Pepsi, movie financial and rating data, and rainfall amounts.
Excel Icons mark exercises where it would be appropriate to use Excel. Excel file names are included with exercises that refer students to the data sets located on the CD-ROMand Web site.
Interviews: Every chapter of the text includes interviews with professional men and women in a variety of fields who use statistics in their day-to-day work.
Appendices: Appendix A contains tables; Appendix B lists 20 data sets; Appendix C is a summary of important Excel commands; Appendix D is a glossary of important terms; Appendix E is a bibliography of recommended text and reference books; Appendix F contains answers to all the odd-numbered section exercises, as well as all answers to Review Exercises and Cumulative Review Exercises.
Quick-Reference Endpapers: Tables A-2 and A-3 (the normal and t distributions) are reproduced on the front inside cover pages. A symbol table is included on the last pages for quick and easy reference to key symbols.
Detachable Formula/Table Card: This insert, organized by chapter, gives students a quick reference for studying, or for use when taking tests (if allowed by the instructor). The formula/table card is also available on this Web site.

SUPPLEMENTS

For the student

The following supplements can be ordered through a campus bookstore, or by calling our customer service group directly at 1-800-282-0693.

New Videos, designed to supplement most sections in the book, with many topics presented by the author. This is an excellent resource for students who have missed class or wish to review a topic. It is also an excellent resource for those instructors involved with distance learning, individual study, or self-paced learning programs. ISBN: 0-201-70470-6. Available on CD-ROM. CD-ROM ISBN: 0-201-70966-X.

Data/Program Software, prepared by Mario F. Triola, includes the data sets (except for Data Set 6) from Appendix B in the textbook. These data sets are stored as text files, Minitab worksheets, TI Data application for the TI-83 Plus, and Excel workbooks and are included on the CD located in the back of the book. The CD also includes programs for the TI-83® graphing calculator.

MathXL: The student text bundled with a 12-month registration coupon is 0-201-75979-9. With MathXL, students can take diagnostic chapter tests correlated to the book, receive individualized study plans based on those test results, and take further tests to gauge their progress. Instructors can customize tests or create their own, using TestGen-EQ testing software. All student test results are tracked in an online gradebook. For more information, students should contact their instructor.

STATDISK Statistical Software, specifically for the Triola text, is a statistical software package (for both Windows and Macintosh) licensed free to adopters of Elementary Statistics. This software is included on the CD in the back of the book.

New Excel Add-In: Free software designed to enhance the capabilities of Excel's statistics programs. Available on the CD bound in the back of the book.

New CD-ROM: A free CD-ROM, packaged with every copy of the text, contains the Data/Program software, STATDISK software, and the Excel Add-In.

Student Solutions Manual, by Milton Loyer, provides detailed, worked-out solutions to all odd-numbered exercises. ISBN: 0-201-71138-9.

STATDISK Student Laboratory Manual and Workbook, written by Mario F. Triola, includes experiments to be conducted by students using STATDISK software, either in the computer lab, or for out-of-class assignments. ISBN: 0-201-70466-8.

Excel® Student Laboratory Manual and Workbook, includes instructions on and examples of Excel in use. The manual includes many examples and problems from the book as well as other appropriate exercises, and encourages further exploration of statistical concepts. ISBN: 0-201-70459-5.

Minitab® Student Laboratory Manual and Workbook, written by Mario F. Triola, includes instructions on and examples of Minitab use. It also supplies many computer experiments to be conducted, and allows further exploration of statistical concepts. ISBN: 0-201-70461-7.

New SPSS® Student Laboratory Manual and Workbook, includes instructions on and examples of SPSS use to guide students as they learn this software package. It also includes appropriate exercises from the text. ISBN: 0-201-70464-1.

TI-83 Plus® Companion to Elementary Statistics, by Larry Morgan (Montgomery County Community College) is organized to follow the sequence of topics in the text, and is an easy-to-follow, step-by-step guide on how to use the TI-83 Plus® graphing calculator. It provides worked-out examples to help students fully understand and use the graphing calculator. This supplement is also suitable for use with a TI-83 calculator. ISBN: 0-201-70469-2.

Triola Version of ActivStats®, developed by Paul Velleman and Data Description, Inc., provides complete coverage of introductory statistics topics on CD-ROM, using a full range of multimedia. ActivStats integrates video, simulation, animation, narration, text, interactive experiments, World Wide Web access, and Data Desk®, a statistical software package. Homework problems and data sets from the text are included on the CD-ROM. Also available are ActivStats for Excel and ActivStats for SPSS. ActivStats for Excel: Windows and Macintosh ISBN: 0-201-70861-2. ActivStats for SPSS: Windows ISBN: 0-201-70860-4. Windows and Macintosh ISBN: 0-201-70859-0.

Addison Wesley Longman Math Tutor Center For qualified adopters, free tutoring is available to students who purchase a new copy of Elementary Statistics Using Excel®. The Addison Wesley Longman Tutor Center (AWLTC) is staffed by qualified statistics and mathematics instructors who provide students with tutoring on text examples, problems, and odd-numbered exercises. Tutoring assistance is provided by telephone, fax, and e-mail and is available five days a week, seven hours a day. Each new book can be bundled with a registration number that provides each student with a free six-month subscription to the service. Request ISBN 0-201-72698-x (text bundled with AWLTC registration). Students who already have their text may purchase a subscription to the AWLTC by having their bookstore order ISBN 0-201-71049-8. For more information, please contact your Addison Wesley Longman sales representative.

1 Introduction to Statistics
	1-1 Overview
	1-2 The Nature of Data
	1-3 Uses and Abuses of Statistics
	1-4 Design of Experiments
2 Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
	2-1 Overview
	2-2 Summarizing Data with Frequency Tables
	2-3 Pictures of Data
	2-4 Measures of Center
	2-5 Measures of Variation
	2-6 Measures of Position
	2-7 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
3 Probability
	3-1 Overview
	3-2 Fundamentals
	3-3 Addition Rule
	3-4 Multiplication Rule: Basics
	3-5 Multiplication Rule: Complements and Conditional Probability
	3-6 Probabilities Through Simulations
	3-7 Counting
4 Probability Distributions
	4-1 Overview
	4-2 Random Variables
	4-3 Binomial Probability Distributions
	4-4 Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation for the Binomial Distribution
	4-5 The Poisson Distribution
5 Normal Probability Distributions
	5-1 Overview
	5-2 The Standard Normal Distribution
	5-3 Nonstandard Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities
	5-4 Nonstandard Normal Distributions: Finding Values
	5-5 The Central Limit Theorem
	5-6 Normal Distribution as Approximation to Binomial Distribution
	5-7 Determining Normality
6 Estimates and Sample Sizes
	6-1 Overview
	6-2 Estimating a Population Mean: Large Samples
	6-3 Estimating a Population Mean: Small Samples
	6-4 Determining Sample Size
	6-5 Estimating a Population Proportion
	6-6 Estimating a Population Variance
7 Hypothesis Testing
	7-1 Overview
	7-2 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing
	7-3 Testing a Claim about a Mean: Large Samples
	7-4 Testing a Claim about a Mean: Small Samples
	7-5 Testing a Claim about a Proportion
	7-6 Testing a Claim about a Standard Deviation or Variance
8 Inferences from Two Samples
	8-1 Overview
	8-2 Inferences about Two Means: Independent and Large Samples
	8-3 Inferences about Two Means: Matched Pairs
	8-4 Inferences about Two Proportions
	8-5 Comparing Variation in Two Samples
	8-6 Inferences about Two Means: Independent and Small Samples
9 Correlation and Regression
	9-1 Overview
	9-2 Correlation
	9-3 Regression
	9-4 Variation and Prediction Intervals
	9-5 Multiple Regression
	9-6 Modeling
10 Multinomial Experiments and Contingency Tables
	10-1 Overview
	10-2 Multinomial Experiments: Goodness-0f-Fit
	10-3 Contingency Tables: Independence and Homogeneity
11 Analysis of Variance
	11-1 Overview
	11-2 One-Way ANOVA
	11-3 Two-Way ANOVA
12 Statistical Process Control
	12-1 Overview
	12-2 Control Charts for Variation and Mean
	12-3 Control Charts for Attributes
13 Nonparametric Statistics
	13-1 Overview
	13-2 Sign Test
	13-3 Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs
	13-4 Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Two Independent Samples
	13-5 Kruskal-Wallis Test
	13-6 Rank Correlation
	13-7 Runs Test for Randomness
14 Projects, Procedures, Perspectives
	14-1 A Statistics Group Project
	14-2 Which Procedure Applies?
	14-3 A Perspective
Appendices
	Appendix A: Tables
	Appendix B: Data Sets
	Appendix C: TI-83 Plus Reference
	Appendix D: Glossary
	Appendix E: Bibliography
	Appendix F: Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises (and All Review Exercises and All Cumulative Review Exercises)

About the Book:

	WHY EXCEL?
	USING EXCEL
	AUDIENCE/PREREQUISITES
	ABOUT THE AUTHOR
	FLEXIBLE SYLLABUS
	EXERCISES
	FEATURES
	SUPPLEMENTS
		For the Student
	TABLE OF CONTENTS