Short Answer


Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
1 Sultan __________ lost his throne to a Janissary revolt in 1807.
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2 Sultan __________ slaughtered the Janissaries as well as their families and religious allies in 1826.
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3 The __________ reforms between 1839 and 1876 reorganized education, established railways and telegraph systems, and resulted in a constitution based on European prototypes.
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4 The Ottoman Sultan __________ attempted to return to despotic absolutism during his long reign from 1878 to 1908.
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5 The membership of the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress was also known as the __________.
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6 __________, the head of the coalition of Mamluk households that shared power in Egypt at the time of Napoleon's arrival, dismissed the invader as insignificant.
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7 A young officer of Albanian origins, __________, was master of all Egypt after his soldiers slaughtered 300 Mamluk chieftains in 1811.
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8 Intermarrying with Turkish families, Muhammad Ali's descendants provided a succession of rulers in Egypt known as __________.
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9 The completion of the __________ Canal in 1869 shortened the distance by sea between Europe and Asia and allowed steamboats to replace sailing vessels.
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10 In the summer of 1882 __________ led a revolt of Egyptian against the Khedival government.
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11 Egyptian authority in the Sudan was concentrated in the administrative center of __________.
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12 Muhammad Achmad, known to his followers as the __________, proclaimed a revolt in the Sudan against both the Egyptian heretics and British infidels.
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13 Mahdists found a suitable successor to Muhammad Achmad in __________.
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14 At the battle of __________ in 1898 the bulk of the Mahdist cavalry and its commander were slaughtered.
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15 A local leader named __________ was the architect of unity among the Manchu tribes.
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16 __________, a significant Confucian scholar in his own right, employed thousands of scholars to compile a great encyclopedia of Chinese learning.
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17 Overseas trading links gave rise to a wealthy new group of merchants, the __________, who specialized in the import-export trade on China's south coast.
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18 In the late 1830s the Chinese emperor sent one of his most distinguished officials, __________, to stamp out the opium trade.
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19 The __________ War broke out between Britain and China in late 1839 resulting in a resounding defeat of the Chinese fleet.
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20 Led by a mentally unstable, semi-Christian prophet named Hong Xiuquan, the __________ rebellion exacerbated stresses within Chinese society.
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21 The last decades of the Manchu dynasty were dominated by the ultra-conservative dowager empress __________.
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22 The __________ rebellion broke out in 1898 and was only put down through the intervention of imperialist powers in 1901.
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23 In 1912 the last of emperor of China, a small boy named __________, was deposed.
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