| 1 |
The patriarchal family was readily adapted to Latin America where large estates and grants of Indian laborers or __________ provided the framework for relations based on economic dominance.
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| 2 |
After Columbus's original voyage in 1492, a return expedition that included colonists in the next year established a colony on the island of __________.
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| 3 |
The move to royal administration was marked by the creation of administrative institutions: the governorship, the treasury office, and the royal court of appeals or __________.
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| 4 |
The regularization of commerce in Spanish colonies in the New World was managed by the __________ located in Seville.
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| 5 |
The Dominican friar __________ initiated the struggle for justice for Native Americans in Spanish colonies.
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| 6 |
In 1519 __________ led an expedition of some 600 men to the coast of Mexico.
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| 7 |
The Aztec emperor __________ was made a captive by Spanish invaders and then killed.
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| 8 |
__________ was built by the Spaniards on the ruins of Tenochtitlan as the capital of New Spain.
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| 9 |
In 1535 __________ led his men to the conquest of the Inca empire.
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| 10 |
Unlike the Spaniards in Mexico, when the Inca capital of Cuxco fell in 1533, the conquerors built their new capital of __________ closer to the coast.
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| 11 |
Unlike the Spaniards in Mexico, when the Inca capital of Cuxco fell in 1533, the conquerors built their new capital of __________ closer to the coast.
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| 12 |
Searching for the mythical cities of gold, __________ penetrated today's southwestern United States from 1540 to 1542.
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| 13 |
__________ conquered the Araucanian Indians of central Chile and set up the city of Santiago in 1541.
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| 14 |
__________ were holders of grants of Indian labor who could use the Indians as workers or tax them.
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| 15 |
In the sixteenth century the encomienda was gradually replaced by the __________, a system of labor drafts.
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| 16 |
The discovery of a mountain of mercury at __________ in Peru aided American silver production.
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| 17 |
Rural estates or __________ producing primarily for consumers in America became the basis of wealth and power for the local aristocracy in many regions.
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| 18 |
The Spanish scholar, __________, argued that Indians were not fully human and thus enslaving them was acceptable.
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| 19 |
The Board of Trade in Seville often worked in conjunction with a merchant guild or __________ that had virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to America.
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| 20 |
The treasure fleets of Spain were made possible by the development of large, heavily armed ships called __________.
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| 21 |
The Treaty of __________ signed in 1494 by Spain and Portugal clarified the spheres of influence of the two nations.
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| 22 |
The Spanish empire became a great bureaucratic system built on a juridicial core and staffed to a large extent by __________.
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| 23 |
The body of laws for the Indies was so large and varied that it took almost a century to complete a great law code, the __________.
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| 24 |
The king of Spain ruled through a __________ that issued the laws and advised him on all matters dealing with the American colonies.
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| 25 |
Within the Indies, Spain created two __________ in the sixteenth century, one based on Mexico City and the other on Lima.
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| 26 |
The first official Portuguese landfall on the South American coast took place in 1500 when __________ stopped briefly on the Brazilian shore.
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| 27 |
Minor Portuguese nobles were given strips of land along the coast called __________ to colonize and develop.
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| 28 |
__________, hardy backwoodsmen from Sao Paulo, had been exploring the interior of Brazil, capturing Indians, and searching for precious metals.
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| 29 |
In 1695 gold strikes were made in Brazil in the mountainous region that came to be called __________.
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| 30 |
__________, the port closest to the mines of Minas Gerais, became capital of Brazil in 1763.
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| 31 |
Peoples of mixed origins were called the __________, and they constituted a large and troublesome population that was relegated to secondary status.
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| 32 |
__________ were people of Spanish blood who had been born in the New World.
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| 33 |
__________, moved by economic nationalism and a desire for strong centralized government, instituted fiscal, administrative, and military reforms in Spain and its empire.
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| 34 |
In 1778 the policy of __________ opened trade to many ports in Spain and the Indies.
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| 35 |
__________ spent six years in Mexico before returning to Spain to become Minister of the Indies and chief architect of reforms.
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| 36 |
The Bourbon reforms were paralleled in the Portuguese world during the administration of the __________, Portugal's authoritarian prime minister.
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| 37 |
In New Granada popular complaints against the government's control of tobacco and liquor led to the widespread __________ revolt in 1781.
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| 38 |
In Peru a great Indian uprising took place under the leadership of Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui, __________.
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