| 1 |
The term __________ was a misnomer created by Columbus for Native Americans when he thought he had reached the Indies.
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| 2 |
Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of the sedentary agricultural area in Mesoamerica, the __________ established a capital at Tula.
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| 3 |
__________ was a religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs who emigrated from Tula to the Yucatan peninsula.
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| 4 |
Originally a Mayan city, __________ was conquered by the Toltecs ca. 1000 and ruled by Toltec dynasties.
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| 5 |
The Mexica or __________ penetrated into sedentary agricultural zone of Mexico after Toltec collapse and established an empire ca. 1325.
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| 6 |
The language of the Toltecs and Aztecs was __________.
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| 7 |
Founded ca. 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco, __________ became the center of Aztec power.
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| 8 |
The nobility in Aztec society were referred to as __________ who achieved social dominance by intermarriage with families related to Toltecs.
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| 9 |
An important advisor to Aztec rulers in the fifteenth century, __________ expanded the cult of human sacrifice as an effective means of political terror.
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| 10 |
__________ was one of the major Aztec gods associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle as the god of rain.
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| 11 |
The Aztec tribal patron god was __________, the central figure of the cult of human sacrifice and warfare.
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| 12 |
Originally a Toltec deity, __________ appeared as a Feathered Serpent.
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| 13 |
The __________ were beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands."
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| 14 |
The specialized merchant class in Aztec society were called __________.
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| 15 |
The seven major clans in Aztec society or __________ were later expanded to sixty and divided into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors.
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| 16 |
__________, or death while taking prisoners for sacrifice, was thought by the Aztecs to be a fitting end to a noble life and an assurance of eternity in the highest heaven.
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| 17 |
The view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia and carefully organized system in which every community contributed to the whole is called __________.
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| 18 |
The modern interpretation of Aztec society created by Marvin Harris, the __________ relies on the absence of large mammals to replace humans for sacrifice.
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| 19 |
The group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create an empire in Andean civilization ca. 1438 were the __________.
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| 20 |
The ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471, __________ launched a series of military campaigns that gave him control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca.
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| 21 |
__________ ruled as Inca from 1471 to 1493 and was responsible for the conquest of the northern coastal kingdom of Chimor.
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| 22 |
The Inca word for their empire was __________.
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| 23 |
The Inca practice of descent, __________, granted all titles and political power to the ruler's successor, but wealth and land remained in the hands of male descendants for support of the cult of the dead Inca's mummy.
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| 24 |
Located in Cuzco, the __________ was the religious center of the Inca empire.
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| 25 |
Inca colonists to new regions used to pacify a new conquest or as a means of moving conquered populations to a new home were called __________.
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| 26 |
Waystations used by Incas as inns and storehouses, __________ could also serve as supply centers for Inca armies on the move.
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| 27 |
Labor services extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion in the Inca empire were called __________.
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| 28 |
The __________ were a class of people removed from their ayllus to serve permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca and his family.
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| 29 |
The system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system, __________ could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records.
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