| 1 |
The period in western European history from the decline and fall of the Roman Empire until the fifteenth century is referred to as the __________.
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| 2 |
An architectural style developed during the Middle Ages in western Europe, __________ architecture featured pointed arches and flying buttresses.
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| 3 |
The __________ were sea-going raiders from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway who disrupted coastal areas of western Europe from the eigheenth to the eleventh centuries.
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| 4 |
__________ was the system that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers.
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| 5 |
Peasant agricultural laborers in the Middle Ages were called __________.
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| 6 |
The __________ plow was a technological innovation of the Middle Ages that permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils.
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| 7 |
Chaucer's __________ was an example of poetry written in the vernacular and blending comedy and Christian themes.
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| 8 |
__________ described relationships among military elites in which greater lords provided protection and aid to lesser lords.
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| 9 |
Lesser lords or __________ received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty.
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| 10 |
The early Frankish king who converted the Franks to Christianity was __________.
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| 11 |
The person who created the most important set of rules for monasteries in western Europe was __________.
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| 12 |
The __________ were the royal house of the Franks from the eighteenth to the tenth century.
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| 13 |
The Frankish monarch __________ was responsible for defeating the Muslims of Spain in the Battle of Tours in 732.
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| 14 |
Charles the Great or __________ was the Carolingian monarch who established a substantial empire in France and Germany ca. 800.
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| 15 |
Emperors in northern Italy and Germany following the split of Charlemagne's empire claimed the title of __________.
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| 16 |
The system of agricultural cultivation by the ninth century in western Europe was the __________ system utilizing one-third fallow, one-third spring grains, and one-third winter grains.
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| 17 |
The __________ between England and France was fought between 1337 and 1453 to establish the emerging claims of national states.
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| 18 |
The First Crusade was called by __________ in 1095 to expel Muslims from the Holy Land.
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| 19 |
The eleventh-century pope who attempted to free the Church from interference of feudal lords was __________.
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| 20 |
The practice of the state appointment of bishops, __________, led Pope Gregory VII to war with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV.
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| 21 |
The author of "Yes and No," __________, applied logic to problems of theology and demonstrated logical contradictions within established doctrine.
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| 22 |
In contrast to Abelard, __________ emphasized the role of faith in preference to logic and eventually drove his rival from the university.
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| 23 |
__________ was the creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning called a Summa.
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| 24 |
The dominant medieval teaching and philosophical approach, __________, was based on the use of logic to resolve theological problems.
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| 25 |
An organization of cities in northern Germany for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance was called the __________.
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| 26 |
Sworn associations of people in the same business or trade in a single city, __________ stressed security, limited membership, regulated apprenticeship, and guaranteed good workmanship.
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| 27 |
The Great Charter or __________ was issued by King John of England in 1215 and confirmed the feudal rights of the military elite against monarchical claims.
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| 28 |
Bodies representing not individual voters but privileged groups intent on counterbalancing the powers of the monarchy, __________ grew up in England, Spain, France, and other countries.
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| 29 |
The __________ was a plague that struck Europe in the fourteenth century and significantly reduced Europe's population.
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