Events:
Popular Culture and the Arts in America

1450

Gutenberg perfects movable type

1636

Harvard College established

1691

Jacob Leisler executed

1692

Salem Village wracked by witch trials

1837

Massachusetts establishes a state board of education

1852

Harriet Beecher Stowe's antislavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin is published and becomes a best-seller

1854

Henry David Thoreau's Walden published

1857

Hinton R. Helper attacks slavery on economic grounds in The Impending Crisis of the South; the book is suppressed in the southern states

1862

Morrill Land Grant gives land to states for establishment of colleges

1869

Rutgers and Princeton play in nation's first intercollegiate football game; Cincinnati Red Stockings, baseball's first professional team, organized

1873

Comstock Law bans obscene articles from U.S. mail, Nation's first kindergarten opens in Saint Louis, Missouri

1876

Johns Hopkins University opens first separate graduate school, Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia, Mark Twain publishes The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

1879

Henry George analyzes problems of urbanizing America in Progress and Poverty

1881

Booker T. Washington opens Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

1881

Dr. John H. Kellogg advises parents to teach their children about sex in Plain Facts for Old and Young

1883

Metropolitan Opera opens in New York, railroads introduce standard time zones

1885

Home Insurance Building, country's first metal-frame structure, erected in Chicago

1887

Edward Bellamy promotes idea of socialist utopia in Looking Backward, 2000-1887

1893

World Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago

1896

John Dewey's Laboratory School for testing and practice of new educational theory opens at University of Chicago

1901

Naturalist writer Theodore Dreiser publishes Sister Carrie

1906

Upton Sinclair attacks meat-packing industry in The Jungle

1910

National Collegiate Athletic Association formed

1911

Irving Berlin popularizes rhythm of ragtime with “Alexander's Ragtime Band,” Frederick Winslow Taylor publishes The Principles of Scientific Management

1912

Harriet Monroe begins publishing magazine Poetry

1913

Mother's Day becomes national holiday

1915

D. W. Griffith produces the first movie spectacular, The Birth of a Nation, T. S. Eliot publishes "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

1916

Federal Aid Roads Act creates national road network, New York Zoning Law sets the pattern for zoning laws across the nation

1919

U.S. agents arrest 1,700 in Red Scare raids, Congress pass Volstead Act over Wilson's veto (October)

1920

WWJ-Detroit broadcasts first commercial radio program (November)

1923

Newspapers expose KKK graft, torture, murder, Henry Luce begins publishing Time magazine (March)

1925

John Scopes convicted of teaching theory of evolution in violation of Tennessee law (July)

1926

First Martha Graham modern dance recital (April)

1927

Charles Lindbergh completes first nonstop transatlantic flight from New York to Paris (May), Sacco and Vanzetti executed (August), The movie The Jazz Singer features singing talking soundtrack

1933

Twenty-first Amendment repeals Prohibition (December)

1947

Truman orders loyalty program for government employees (March), William Levitt announces first Levittown (May)

1950

Senator Joseph McCarthy claims communists in government (February), Gwendolyn Brooks become first African American woman to be awarded Pulitzer Prize

1951

Remington Rand unveils UNIVAC, the first electronic digital computer to be marketed commercially

1952

Edward R. Murrow inaugurates television news show See It Now

1953

McDonald's chooses golden arches design for its hamburger shops, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed for atomic-secrets spying (June)

1955

Dr. Jonas Salk reports success of antipolio vaccine (April)

1956

Eisenhower signs legislation creating the interstate highway system

1957

Russia launches Sputnik satellite

1958

Charles Van Doren confesses to cheating on television quiz show Twenty-one

1961

JFK establishes Peace Corps (March)

1962

Astronaut John H. Glenn, Jr., becomes first American to orbit the earth (February)

1967

Riots in Detroit kill 43, injure 2,000, leave 5,000 homeless (July)

1969

Two American astronauts land on the moon

1974

Arab oil embargo creates energy crisis in the United States (October)

1976

Nation celebrates bicentennial with fireworks, patriotic music, and parade of sailing ships (July)

1978

President Carter signs law raising mandatory retirement age from 65 to 70 (April)

1986

The space shuttle Challenger explodes killing seven astronauts (January)